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Overview
Immunologists research immune systems, infections, harmful agents and diseases that affect immunity, often using laboratory methods to classify findings for treatment or further study.
In job descriptions, look for immunology, clinical immunology, diagnostic techniques, laboratory safety, cell cultures, blood samples, scientific literature, research protocols, vaccines, clinical trials and communication of results.
Explore this occupation
Search jobsWhat the work can involve
Immunologists work with immune response questions in research, laboratory or clinical-research settings. The work can involve literature review, study design, laboratory safety, cell cultures, blood samples, diagnostic immunology techniques and written results. Many tasks connect biological mechanisms to possible treatment, vaccine or disease-classification questions.
Skills and specializations
Useful skills include clinical immunology, molecular and cellular immunology, laboratory techniques, scientific research methodology, research ethics and communication of findings. Specialization may develop around allergies, immunodeficiencies, infectious disease, cancer risks, vaccines, pharmaceutical development, clinical trials or analysis of blood and cell samples.
Salary context
Salary context depends on research responsibility, laboratory complexity, clinical-trial involvement, publication expectations, funding work and whether the role includes patient-related diagnostic interpretation. A bench research role, a trial-support role and a senior research scientist post should not be compared only by title.
Career paths
Career paths may begin in life-science research assistance, laboratory analysis, doctoral research or clinical study support. Progression can move toward independent protocols, research funding, scientific papers, vaccine or drug development, clinical immunology expertise, team leadership or communication with policy and non-scientific audiences.
Good to know
Vacancies should make clear whether the immunologist role is laboratory research, diagnostic support, clinical trial work, pharmaceutical development or academic science. Check for sample types, methods, ethics duties, publication expectations, equipment calibration, documentation standards and who uses the research result.
Editorial note
This guide is editorial career context. It is not official labour-market statistics or role-specific salary data.
Where might this occupation occur?
This occupation may occur in several kinds of economic activity. Here are some examples and other occupations that may be found in the same areas.
Research and experimental development on natural sciences and engineering
This is one example. Other occupations in this activity include physiologist, toxicologist and biochemist.
Explore this activityOther human health activities n.e.c.
This occupation may also occur in this activity. Other occupations there include physiologist, toxicologist and pharmacologist.
Explore this activityThese examples offer an overview but do not show every economic activity where the occupation may occur.
About this information
The selection is based on how occupations are connected to economic activities in ESCO and NACE. Only a few examples are shown to make the information easier to use. The occupations were selected because they are close in occupation area and important skills. The examples are not a ranking. They do not show where most people work, where demand is highest, or which occupation is best suited to a particular person.
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O*NET relationships
See occupations connected to this ESCO occupation in the official O*NET–ESCO mapping. The relationship type comes from the source and is not a ranking or recommendation.
O*NET relationships: 2
Medical Scientists, Except Epidemiologists
19-1042.00
Close relationship
The occupations are closely related, but the official mapping does not treat them as exact equivalents.
Open in O*NETAllergists and Immunologists
29-1229.01
O*NET occupation is broader
The O*NET occupation covers a broader field of work than this ESCO occupation.
Open in O*NETSource and method
These relationships come from the official European Commission O*NET–ESCO crosswalk.
Relationship direction: O*NET occupation to ESCO occupation.
Several O*NET occupations can point to the same ESCO occupation, and one O*NET occupation can point to several ESCO occupations.
AltoTrail preserves the source relationship type. The order is technical and does not show which occupation is best, most relevant or recommended.
AltoTrail validates and presents the source relationships without adding ranking or recommendation semantics.
NACE Rev. 2.1
Economic activities linked to this occupation.
72.1Research and experimental development on natural sciences and engineering86.99Other human health activities n.e.c.
Alternative labels
immunology analyst
immunology researcher
immunology studies research analyst
immunology research analyst
immunology studies researcher
immunology studies scientist
immunology scientist
immunology studies scholar
immunologists
immunology science researcher
immunology studies analyst
immunology studies research scientist
immunology research scientist
immunology scholar
Occupation group
Biologists, botanists, zoologists and related professionals (2131)
Source facts
| ESCO URI | http://data.europa.eu/esco/occupation/b5d1912e-89c7-4a66-ab96-0dc5f4f6c426 |
|---|---|
| ESCO code | 2131.6 |
| ISCO group | 2131 |
| Concept type | Occupation |